Chapter Seventeen
Some Case Histories
This is a short selection of the desires expressed by some of our more
extreme customers, taken from my files. In each case I asked for and
was granted their written permission to relate their stories, and I
always gave them my personal assurance that their anonymity would be
protected at all times.
1. "PAINKILLERS PAULA."
I remember this particular case because it was one of the few that
reduced Dorothy to tears. She had booked the original appointment for
the female customer and began the consultation in a perfectly normal
way, but was unable to continue and had to ask me to take over.
Paula (although that was not her real name) was a tall, and at first
sight slender and very well groomed woman, with long dark hair, and a
pleasant oval shaped face. Expensively dressed in a beige coloured two
piece suit and high heeled shoes, and carefully made up. She told
Dorothy that she had been tightly laced for a number of years, and had
continued to wear corsets on a regular basis, simply because her
husband "liked to see a small waist."
Dorothy told me that she had at first found it difficult to get
coherent answers to her questions about this customer's precise
requirements. It was as if Paula was repeating a lesson and had been
told what she must say, in spite of her own feelings. She eventually
handed Dorothy a letter from her husband who was a Doctor, and this
detailed in precise terms the garment we were required to supply.
She was shown into Dorothy's fitting room, and at Dorothy's request
began to remove her outer clothing. She wore a pinch waisted corset
that had obviously been altered several times, and which now had a
number of very ugly tucks around the waist area. Dorothy asked her to
remove her corset so that she could use a fitting frame, but Paula
replied that she was unable to stand upright without the support of the
corset for any length of time because her dorsal muscles had ceased to
function, and she could only take her corset off if she lay down on a
flat surface.
Dorothy called me, and explained the problem. After a few moments
thought I remembered our "Spare bed;" a folding and compact structure
that we had purchased in a rash moment in anticipation of visitors
coming to stay with us. I wheeled it into the fitting room; set it up,
spread a sheet over the mattress and then left the two ladies on their
own so that the consultation could continue with the customary degree
of privacy.
I was rather surprised to hear Dorothy's shocked and raised voice
several minutes later, calling me back into the room. She was very
distressed, and asked me if I would mind doing the fitting, if Paula
had no objections. Paula gave all the appearance of being past caring
either one way or the other, so Dorothy quickly and tearfully left the
room, and I took charge.
The cause of Dorothy's distress soon became apparent.
Paula's body was in a terrible condition, and it was the sight of this
that had upset Dorothy so much. Her flesh was a mass of discolouration,
in various shades of blue and black over practically the whole of the
area that had been covered by her corset She had several surgical
operation scars below her rib cage; what could be seen of her waist was
red and raw, and my experience told me that her skin and flesh had
started to fold and break up.
Much of her waist had been bound with strips of surgical tape; her
spine bore all the signs of severe scoliosis, and her rib cage was
badly deranged at the lower edge, with the base of the sternum having
become folded inward. I have seen a number of cases of abuse of the
human body, caused by the crushing effects of over enthusiastic tight
lacing, but I think I can safely say that this was the worst ever. I
could understand why Dorothy was so upset, particularly when she took
such care to protect her own skin from similar abuse.
I had to admit to some personal reluctance to touch Paula's body, to
prevent any possibility of cross-contamination between the two of us,
and I took great care to avoid any physical contact as much as
possible. None of our stock measuring frames would have been small
enough to suit Paula's present waist size, so I carried out a full
series of measurements to the best of my ability, with Paula lying flat
on the bed, and rolling over on to her side when necessary - which did
not make the job any easier!
I persevered, and sincerely hoped that I had 'Got it right.' When the
measurements had been done, I lifted Paula by her shoulders; helped her
to sit up and put on her corset, and then carefully laced her bruised
body to what I considered to be a safe degree. I took the opportunity
to check some of my more important measurements over her laced corset,
and then quickly left the room while she was re-dressing and thoroughly
washed my hands!
Dorothy had by now managed to recover, and she returned to the fitting
room after I had finished my work, so I left the two women chatting,
and made them both a cup of tea. Dorothy later told me about their
conversation, and I could see that she had become very worried by
Paula's plight. By a strange coincidence, they seemed to have several
things in common, because Paula had also been all alone in the world
when she was discovered by the good doctor.
She had neither home, nor friends, and no living relatives, and had
agreed to marry the doctor in a moment of desperation and weakness. He
made sure that she was fed and housed, but he controlled all the money,
supervising the buying of her clothes and allowing her nothing of her
own. She could only say, in reply to Dorothy's questions, "He is in
full command, and I have to do as he says. It is the only way, now.
What else can I do - Where else could I go?" a heart rending statement
which again moved Dorothy to the verge of tears.
I carefully checked the completed order form, before sending it off to
Gerald, and made a number of minor modifications to the shaping of the
waist, which would in my judgement help to alleviate some of the
suffering to which Paula was being constantly subjected. My figures on
the order form revealed that her waist now measured thirteen inches
over her closed corset, which meant that it matched the present known
world record.
In his letter, Paula's husband had been most insistent that her new
corset should measure two inches less around the waist. I found it hard
to accept this request, because I felt sure that it would be physically
impossible for her tortured body to be laced to even smaller
proportions.
I tried to close my mind to all the extraneous issues by applying my
usual dictum of "The customer is always right," and sent the order off
to Gerald, but not without some misgivings.
Not surprisingly, Gerald rang me to query the measurements. I gave him
a few details of the consultation, and it was obvious that he shared my
repugnance of the whole affair. However; he assured me that he could
make the corset to my design, and that was financially the most
important aspect as far as I was concerned.
In due course the finished garment arrived, and I rang Paula with a
request that she should call in for another fitting. She was
accompanied by her husband on this second occasion, and several
questions were almost immediately answered. He was a silver haired and
distinguished looking Doctor of Medicine, who reeked of affluence, and
presumably did his daily work in well established consulting rooms in a
better class area. He had even brought his 'Doctor's Black Bag' with
him.
He was a very dominant man, who took over the whole proceedings as
though it was second nature, and I found myself being virtually
shouldered aside and relegated to a back seat. He subjected the new
corset to a close scrutiny; twisting and pulling the material with his
strong hands, as though he was trying to tear it apart.
When he was satisfied, he turned to Paula, and said abruptly:
"Right then, girl. Off with the old; on with the new; Eh! Look slippy
about it! Mustn't waste this gentleman's time; Eh!"
This rude approach frankly appalled me. I had always treated Dorothy
with the greatest of respect, and would never have dreamed of
addressing her in such an uncouth manner.
Paula seemed to find it quite acceptable, and it was obvious that she
was regularly addressed in this way and had ceased to care. She
obediently removed her outer clothes; lay down on the folding bed and
took off her old corset. She had to struggle into the new garment, with
no help being allowed from me, while the Doctor made signs of
impatience as though he was dealing with a more than usually difficult
patient.
Paula eventually managed to clasp the corset round her body, and then
stood up, unsteadily and with some difficulty. She supported herself
against one end of the bed, and the doctor began to lace up the new
corset. I was moved to utter a protest and urge him to take care,
because I did not want all my good work to be destroyed by his
impatience. He completely ignored me, and continued the savage and
brutal lacing.
The corset closed tightly around poor Paula's waist, and she began to
show all the customary signs of distress. I had seen this in many of
our other customers, and knew what to expect. It began with an unsteady
swaying; followed by a pallor of the face, indicating some restriction
of the blood flow, and difficulty with breathing which further added to
the facial pallor. I could tell that Paula was on the point of fainting
or collapse, and again tried to enter a plea for mercy on her behalf.
And now I come to the totally unbelievable part of the story. If it had
been told to me by anybody else I would quite frankly have disbelieved
it, but I was a personal eye witness and can swear that every word is
true.
The Doctor tied a temporary knot in the laces, and then opened his
black bag. He took a hypodermic syringe from a fitted black leather
case; carefully filled it from a small bottle of clear liquid, and
turned it, needle point upwards. Tapped it with his fingernail a couple
of times, squirted a few drops of liquid from it, and then inserted the
needle into poor Paula's upper arm and pressed the plunger. He removed
the needle, wiped the puncture with a wisp of cotton wool, and returned
all his equipment to his bag.
I had never seen an operation of this nature being performed with such
coldly clinical and unfeeling precision, and could not help but notice
that much of Paula's upper arm was scarred with the pinpricks of many
similar and previous injections.
He waited for a few minutes, until Paula began to show some visible
signs of relaxing.
A dreamy smile came over her face, whereupon he again took up the
laces. He continued with the brutal lacing until he had succeeded in
fully closing the corset from top to bottom.
By this time, my personal feelings were becoming very mixed. On the one
hand I was greatly opposed to the whole business, and to the Doctor's
total lack of feeling towards his obviously suffering wife. On the
other hand, I was glad to see that both my design and Gerald's
workmanship had managed to stand up to the extreme strain, and I had to
admit that Paula's body was now neatly moulded to a very attractive and
eye catching silhouette. Her well formed breasts thrust upwards and
outwards, and her waist was now much smaller than when she had first
entered the shop. As far as I could judge, she was bearing the
increased pressure without any signs of undue pain or distress.
The Doctor then seized one of my tape measures, and passed it round
Paula's waist.
"Ah! Excellent!" he said. "Look at that! Exactly twelve inches. Now I
feel quite confident that we shall make it. This is already a new world
record, you know, but I want to continue until I can be sure she is
totally unique and unbeatable."
"But; exactly what are you trying to achieve," I cried. "Surely you
will kill the poor girl, if you lace her any tighter."
"Nonsense, young man," he replied. "You obviously know nothing about
medical matters. Single figures, that's what I want; single figures.
Now then; I ask you; can you beat that? Eh?"
I tried to suggest that the circumference of her vertebrae would limit
any further reduction, but he was quick to correct me. He spoke as if
he was lecturing a classroom full of rather dim medical students.
"You will notice that Paula has an unusually small and fine bone
structure, for a woman of her height. This was one of the reasons why I
selected her for this clinical experiment. All her lower or floating
ribs have been surgically removed, as have the nodes from the lumbar
vertebrae. I believe that, with your help, I can now reduce her to the
absolute minimum and still sustain her full and active life. Any pain
will be controlled with a choice of pain killing drugs, either orally,
or by injection, and I can assure you that she will not suffer in any
way. My Hippocratic Oath demands nothing less."
To my mind, he could be judged guilty of some very mixed standards, but
it was not for me to say so. He paid for this first, and all his
subsequent garments in cash without question, and this classified him
as a good customer in my personal estimation. He became a regular
client for the next two years, and, after that first visit, sent his
orders by post; demanding new garments in seemingly impossible and ever
decreasing waist sizes.
We never saw poor Paula in our consulting rooms again, and I am unable
to say to what size she was finally reduced. His orders suddenly
ceased after about three years, so I assumed that he must have achieved
all his aims.
I looked in the relevant books from time to time, but to the best of my
personal knowledge another lady with a waist measurement of thirteen
inches still holds the record. I have, in my library, a copy of the
book written by her husband, which gives the details of her
achievement. I have spoken to her on the telephone, and although she
never became one of our customers, I know that her record is factual.
2. STRETCHED ON THE RACK.
This was another consultation that began in the usual predictable way,
but was soon to change quite dramatically. A male customer telephoned
us with a request for a fitting, and Dorothy put his name in my
Appointment Book. He arrived on time, and was immediately subjected to
my customary visual 'Body Scan.'
He was strangely 'out of proportion.' There was no other way to
describe it. He was extremely long and narrow waisted, and either his
arms and legs were too short for his body, or alternatively it was his
body that was much too long. He was more than simply 'Long waisted' in
the conventional sense, but it was only after he had stripped off his
outer clothing in my fitting room, that I was able to discover the
reason for his peculiar shape.
He was wearing a heavy canvas and leather 'Body Brace.' My colleague
who owned the Surgical Goods shop had shown me several similar
garments, when we were in the process of our initial negotiations about
passing business to each other.
This man's garment was certainly a 'Heavy duty' model!
The fabric was a dull grey, and very strong canvas, and the boning
followed upon conventional lines, but with each bone being much wider
than usual. The bones were obviously strong and stiff, and had been
inserted into stay pockets made from brown leather, sewn to the canvas
with strong and waxed linen thread. The garment was designed to be
laced at the back, and had large and riveted brass eyelets of the type
sold by ship's chandlers, or sail makers. They were of much greater
diameter, and stronger than the ones we were accustomed to. The
nautical theme continued with the laces themselves, which were of
strong, braided nylon cord, and would have been more suited to a ship's
rigging than a conventional corset!
This most unusual garment firmly controlled his narrow waist, and I
could see that his body had much more than the conventional distance
between his rib cage and pelvic girdle. My curiosity was aroused, and I
asked him if he had always been this peculiar shape. After some
hesitation he began to tell me his interesting story.
He could be neatly classified in my 'Punishment' category. A rather
unruly young man, who had been punished by being laced by his mother
into a corset that had originally belonged to his grandmother, in an
attempt to control his behaviour. He had been made to wear it day and
night, but in spite of the severe restriction of the corset, and the
ridicule of his school friends, he had continued to defy all forms of
authority.
His parents had decided to continue this form of punishment, and to
reinforce, in every sense, the level of discipline. His father was a
harness and saddle maker by trade, while his uncle owned a small
engineering workshop, nearby. Father and uncle had put their heads
together, and had devised and built a unique combination of apparatus.
Father had made the first of several of the heavy body braces, and
uncle had fashioned a machine that was based upon a mediaeval form of
torture.
My customer would be made to lie down upon a flat board. Strong leather
straps were then firmly attached to either end of his body. One strap
was fitted around the top of his pelvic girdle, whilst the other
encircled the top of his chest, and passed under his armpits. The
straps were fitted with metal rings, and these rings were connected to
hooks and cables, one at either end of the board. Two small but
powerful winches were coupled to low geared electric motors, and the
motors were then switched on.
The cable was slowly wound on to the winch drums; the hooks applied
tension to the two leather straps, and the customer was literally
stretched on a rack. His body was pulled apart until he showed signs of
extreme agony, and the winches were stopped. Brakes were applied, and
he was left in that uncomfortable state; often for several hours.
The climax to the performance was that his heavy brace would be laced
on to him, and tightened to its absolute limit. The straps would then
be disconnected from the winch mechanism and be pulled from beneath his
brace and he would then be released from the traction. If during the
course of the tight lacing his corset should become fully closed, it
would be removed. His skin would be powdered; any chafed areas suitably
anointed, and he would then be firmly laced into a smaller waisted
corset.
This man was another customer who found it impossible to stand erect
without the support of his corset, and the bulk of my measuring and
fitting had to be done with him lying on his back, with a series of
cushions supporting his body where necessary.
After his initial reluctance, this customer became quite frank and open
about his situation, and was able to give me some interesting and
useful information. He freely admitted that, like me, he ENJOYED being
tightly corseted. What was meant to be a form of punishment, had, in
fact, given him the greatest pleasure, although he had taken care to
avoid exhibiting any signs of enjoyment! Far from punishing him, his
mother had, by lacing him into his grandmother's corset, actually
stimulated him. The tighter she laced him, the more he enjoyed it. As a
fellow tight lacer, I could readily accept this, because I was well
aware of the many pleasant feelings that he would have encountered.
These feelings are very difficult to explain to anyone who has never
been tightly laced into a corset. Those who are without experience tend
to violently recoil at the very idea of any form of bodily restraint.
People have often raised their hands in horror, and have asked me, "How
can you do such a thing?" when I tell them about my corset wearing. I
had to be very careful about what I said to them, in case they should
gain the wrong impression.
Unbeknown to me, one of my so-called 'friends' was a free lance writer
for a magazine, and had written a rather lurid article about tight
lacing, loosely based upon several of my personal experiences, and had
illustrated it with some drawings of Victorian corsetry. Fortunately he
had the courtesy to ask for my permission, before rushing to print the
story.
As so often happens, he had come to several false and totally erroneous
conclusions about tight lacing, due to his own lack of personal
experience, and I found it necessary to correct him on a number of
major points, and firmly steer him away from many of the unpleasant and
erotic aspects of corsetry that are often written about by
inexperienced authors.
I want my readers to know the true facts about the many pleasures of
corset wearing, but I know how easy it is for some writers to distort
these facts, in the interests of a supposedly good story!
I entered the details and progressive measurements of many of my
customers in confidential files, and kept them under lock and key, and
I was always very careful to obtain the written permission of a
customer before publishing anything of a personal nature. I used the
information for the benefit of customers who had a similar problem, and
although I was asked on many occasions for the 'Inside story' of
corsetry, I continued to give my solemn oath to my customers and
protected their full confidentiality at all times. The customers who
are mentioned in this section have readily agreed to my publishing
their details, with the only proviso being that I should not give any
information that might lead to their real names being revealed.
In conclusion, I only need to say that I was eventually able to send
another satisfied customer on his way. He had been able to dispense
with his ugly and cumbersome body brace, and was now quite comfortably
corseted and well supported. I know this for a fact, because I still
treasure his enthusiastic letter of thanks, together with the photo he
allowed me to take.
3) THE GIRAFFE NECKED WOMAN.
This case gave me a whole wealth of new and interesting experiences,
and I had to do a certain amount of research, before I could finally
set down the full facts. As so often happened in our seaside holiday
resort, 'The Circus came to Town.' Dorothy and I had once been to a
performance, and enjoyed it, but apart from that it was just another
seasonal attraction the local residents had come to accept.
Dorothy received a phone call, asking if she could do an evening
fitting for a young lady who came from abroad, and was only in the town
for a few days. This was not unusual, so all the customary arrangements
were made.
A high-topped, closed van arrived outside the shop after dark, quite
late in the evening, and a middle aged lady got out and rang the bell.
Dorothy answered the door, and invited her inside. The lady explained
that the fitting was not for her, but was for her companion who was
still concealed inside the back of the van.
Dorothy had to work very hard to keep a straight face at the sight of
this new customer. She was what is generally known as a 'Giraffe Necked
Woman.' A young and beautiful girl from the Padaung tribe, in the
highlands of Burma. It was the custom for many of the girls and ladies
of this tribe to have their necks stretched way beyond the normal human
length or height, and bound around with coils of heavy gauge copper or
brass wire.
My research had confirmed that this neck stretching was a long
established practice within the tribe, who lived in a remote area of
the country and actively discouraged any visitors from the outside
world. Apparently, it was taken as a sign of beauty, and the women
would often compete with each other to achieve the longest of necks.
The closely guarded secret of the tribal custom was now known only to
one old woman, and was in danger of dying out. The neck vertebrae were
first carefully dislocated when the girl was little more than a child,
and her neck was slowly stretched. Long strips of thick brass or copper
wire would then be wound around her neck, and she would remain in this
rigid state until her body became accustomed to it. The rings would
then be removed, and her neck was once again stretched and secured. The
long and slow process bore a remarkable resemblance to my own tight
lacing system, when I was assisting one of my customers with the
progressive reduction of his or her waist measurement.
The lower metal coils tapered gradually outwards, to rest upon the
girl's shoulders, whilst the uppermost coils forced her chin and head
upright in what seemed to me to be a most uncomfortable manner. As a
slight aid to her general comfort, the girl would sometimes wear a soft
and decorative piece of cloth or woollen material under her chin.
This particular young woman already had her head raised to a height of
approximately fifteen inches above her shoulders. Apparently the
stretching procedure was still ongoing, and it was confidently
predicted that the length of her neck would soon be regarded as a new
tribal record. The coils of wire had been skilfully and closely wound
around her neck to give a carefully contoured and slightly waisted
effect, and she had obviously become quite accustomed to a practice
that would have been considered an extreme form of torture to any woman
in this part of the world.
The stretching did not appear to have affected her vocal cords. In
spite of the obvious weight of the heavy metal coils there was no
visible or apparent damage to her shoulders or spinal column, and she
could obviously eat her food, although I must confess that I found it
difficult to visualise her carrying each spoonful upwards to her mouth.
She now led a semi-nomadic life, appearing in a side show at the circus
together with two of her younger and shorter necked companions from the
same tribe, and they travelled to various locations around the British
Isles.
She had been fitted with her first pair of shoes soon after entering
this country. These were a conventional pair of black, laced, Oxfords,
with very high heels. The lady who acted as companion and 'Minder'
explained that they were in the process of raising her heels to their
maximum possible height, but this need not concern us in any way.
The reason for this present consultation was simplicity itself. The
girl had seen some of the other circus performers who enjoyed tight
lacing on a regular basis, and she had expressed a wish to be fitted
with a corset of her own.
She was naturally slim, and Dorothy was able to carry out a
conventional fitting, using a measuring frame. She later told me that
the whole fitting had a slightly bizarre touch to it. The woman had
only a small command of the English language, so all her requests had
to be passed through her companion, who also acted as her interpreter.
It was natural for Dorothy to look at the customer's face when she was
checking that the fit of any new garment was satisfactory, and she
found it most odd to keep looking at the point where the girl's face
would normally have been, only to find herself addressing the centre of
the shiny coils of metal.
The girl donned her loose robe at the conclusion of the first fitting,
and returned to the closed van. We arranged that she would come back to
the shop for her second fitting, when the corset was completed. She
returned in due course, and after taking the usual precautions went
into Dorothy's fitting room. She was then laced into her new, and first
corset. Dorothy issued all the usual stern warnings about the dangers
of over tightening the corset, but the young woman kept asking to be
laced tighter. Dorothy was insistent, and the woman's companion had to
intervene to say that she should stay at her present waist size, with
the corset partially closed, until they returned to the circus,
whereupon they 'Would see what could be done.'
The girl made three further visits to the shop, and was laced into a
smaller corset on each occasion. After the third visit she said she was
satisfied, and we were asked if we could make her a special corset so
that she could display her new waist to its best advantage.
The finished corset was a really stunning creation in gold satin, and
was yet another brilliant example of the corset maker's art. The laces
were a contrasting blue colour in my favourite shade, and the corset
bones were outlined in the same shade of butterfly blue satin. The
girl's firm breasts were supported within two breast cups, and a large
gold tassel was attached to the front of each cup. Both tassels swung
in a most provocative and fascinating way, whenever she moved. A
further fringe of smaller tassels surrounded the lower hem of the
corset.
At the conclusion of the final fitting, we were presented with two
complimentary tickets for the next circus performance, and were invited
behind the scenes to see the girl being prepared for her first
appearance in public, wearing the new corset.
This was the first time I had actually had a close look at the girl,
because in spite of my curiosity I had always kept out of the way when
Dorothy was busy with her fitting. I can only say that I was truly
amazed when I saw her. She seemed to be about eight feet tall! Her high
heeled shoes had been removed, and replaced by knee length, high heeled
and laced boots. But these boots were quite unlike anything I had seen
before.
I later learnt that they were what is known as 'Ballet Boots.'
They were designed to keep the wearer's feet 'en pointe,' a term used
by conventional ballet dancers. The straightened legs of the boots
meant that the wearer would have to stand supported only on the tips of
her toes whenever she stood up or walked.
The boots had been fashioned so that the frontal surface was absolutely
dead straight up and down, from knee to toe. To ensure that this
straight line was maintained, the boots had apparently been reinforced
with internally stitched metal strips, of a type similar to those that
are used in the boning of strong corsets.The curved and natural heel of
her foot was now projecting from the back of the leg, and the heel
itself was supported by an impossibly high and polished narrow metal
spike heel, about the same length or height of the extended and
straightened foot. The spike heel appeared to be made from polished
steel.
In most other respects these boots were very similar to my own, except
that the leather had been coloured in gold. There was what seemed to be
some internal blocking or extra padding at the tips of the toes, which
only added to the length of the foot and height of the heel, and this
made the extended heels much higher than my own six inch heels. Above
the top of the boots the visible portions of the girl's legs were
covered by a pair of sheer and fine gold tights, and she wore the
briefest of gold lam? skirts.
Her new corset covered her from hips to breasts; outlining her tiny
waist, and the many tassels swung back and forth with every slight
movement. A short gold lam? jacket, opened at the front, covered her
shoulders and the upper part of her breasts, and the sleeves of the
jacket closely fitted her arms. The coiled metal rings round her neck
shone as though they had been freshly polished, and her head was
crowned with a tall, beaded, and conical golden Burmese metallic
headdress, closely fitted to the top of her head. It was about fifteen
inches high, and tapered to a sharp point at the top. She was balanced
on the toes of her golden boots, and the combination of the stiff
corset, and her even stiffer neck rings made her move in a slow and
fascinating way.
Her ears had been pierced, and she wore a pair of long and dangling ear
decorations. I could not call them earrings in the conventional sense,
and for once Dorothy was unable to give me the correct name of a modern
feminine equivalent. Three or four lengths of fine chain; closely
clipped to each other at the top end, hung from each ear. The chains
were each about twelve inches long, and had bright metal discs or coins
attached to their lower ends. The chains reached to just below the
'waist' level of her neck rings, and swung in independent arcs whenever
she moved her head.
As a final touch, a set of extended and sharply pointed golden finger
nails, each about six inches long, were attached to her fingers and
thumbs. Her face was then made up in the highly coloured and
exaggerated style of classical Burmese dancers.
When she was finally dressed and decorated to perfection, she was
helped to her feet by her assistant, and began to walk slowly up and
down the room, balanced on the tips of her toes, in preparation for her
forthcoming appearance before the circus audience. Her combined
movements provoked a wholly fascinating series of sounds and noises to
my sensitive ears, and I had to use every atom of my iron self-control
to avoid giving yet another of my well known exhibitions of foolish and
jaw dropping amazement.
Her boots, with their reinforced toes and impossibly high heels
amplified the sound of each step on the wooden floor of the dressing
room. Her tightly laced corset began to creak, in the same way that
Matron's corset had creaked in my hospital days back in my distant
youth, and re-awakened many long forgotten memories. The small metal
discs on the ends of her ear chains jingled against each other, and
reminded me of the sounds that were made when loosely hanging corset
suspenders came into contact with each other. When they were at the
fullest extent of the swing, the metal discs would occasionally tip-tap
against the thicker metal of the neck rings, and this tapping resulted
in a deeper and peculiar diatonic ringing sound.
The lengthy transformation had been carried out in one of the circus
dressing rooms, and the walls were lined with more mirrors than my own
fitting room. The girl finally stood in the centre of the room, with
her straightened legs together, balanced comfortably on the tips of her
toes in a position where she was reflected in the many mirrors, and
could be viewed from every angle.
We were glad to have received the complimentary tickets, because they
gave us two front row reserved seats for the performance. The girl, in
all her golden glory caused an immediate sensation as soon as she
appeared before the public. People were fighting each other, and
climbing over the backs of some of the seats to get a closer look at
her, and it took some considerable time before order was restored. She
certainly was a 'Show Stopper.'
It only remains for me to say that this lady proved to be the source of
some quite profitable custom. Her circus friends were highly delighted
with the standard of our work, and several of them became customers.
Some time later I received a complete set of coloured promotional
photographs and advertisements of the girl wearing her ballet boots and
full regalia, and they made a welcome addition to my already large
collection.
4) BONED LEGS.
I remember one man who had sent me what appeared to be a totally
impracticable design. He called for a corset of such a considerable
length that it resembled a roll of carpet, more than anything else!
A long and well boned back lacing structure, which, from his
measurements, would enclose a man of average height from under his
armpits to well below his knees! I had heard of so-called 'Training' or
'Punishment' corsets but this was my first encounter with such a
device. The customer specified full length boning of extreme stiffness,
and it was immediately obvious that the wearer would be totally
incapable of either walking or sitting down. I was very worried about
the practicality of wearing such a garment, and sent him a polite
letter of enquiry. He replied with some asperity, saying he knew
precisely what he wanted. His cheque was good, so who was I to
complain? I had the order made up to his specification; sent it to him
and heard nothing more about it, so I assumed that he was satisfied.
Now that I come to think about it, I know he was satisfied, and I can
tell you why. It must have been about six or seven months later when we
received his next design, together with a request for an estimate of
the cost of making it. This specification was totally unique, and
neither Dorothy nor I had ever seen anything like it before.
Oh, dear me yes; I remember that we very nearly defeated Gerald with
this one!
It started conventionally enough, high up on the chest; was well shaped
into the waist; continuing down over the hips, and even further down
over both legs, as far as the knees. The difference was that, this
time, the thighs had been separated and each thigh was contained within
a small tight lacing corset of its own, making it look rather like a
pair of tight laced knee length trousers! Neither Dorothy nor I had
seen anything like it before, and we had never even considered trying
what Dorothy was quick to christen 'Boned legs.'
The full boning detail called for very long and firm bones, from armpit
to knee, and quite closely spaced. There was full length back lacing,
and a strong and rigid wedge shaped busk was specified, with a
similarly shaped reinforcing bone behind it. A short section of lacing
at the top of the legs was presumably intended to cater for most
conventional toilet functions, but, in my opinion, when all the laces
were fully tightened and secured, the garment would only allow the
wearer a limited and constrained walking movement, and it would be
extremely difficult to bend, or to sit down.
The final unusual detail called for a pair of wide and strong shoulder
straps that had to be especially long, so that they could pass from the
top front of the garment, up over the shoulders; crossing over at the
back, and continuing down through a series of loops around the waist,
to fasten at the front with a heavy metal buckle. The strong straps
were intended to correct any tendency to develop round shoulders, and I
could see that the shoulders of the wearer would be forced backwards as
the buckle was tightened. It was, all in all, a fearsome garment!
I sent the design off to Gerald without making any comment, and was not
surprised when he rang me to say he was having difficulty constructing
what he would insist on calling (to my annoyance) the 'Codpiece.'
Apparently the point where the single corset divided into the two legs
was proving to be difficult to make, and I offered to help him, when he
had explained the nature of the problem.
I looked through my extensive catalogue collection, and was able to
find a picture of a basically similar corset in a foreign publication.
This gave a good illustration of the separate legs, and the way in
which they were joined together under the main corset. I sent a copy to
Gerald, together with a few hints and tips of my own, which enabled him
to complete the project.
The final cost was considerably in excess of our original estimate, so
we sent the completed garment to the customer, and waited
apprehensively. He sent us his full payment by return, together with a
delighted letter telling us that it was perfect in every detail, and
ordering another garment. This was generally similar in design,
although it was smaller; and with obviously feminine dimensions,
modified shoulder straps and the addition of lace trimming at the top.
5) THE TORTURE CHAMBER
One man does stand out in my memory. He sent us a polite enquiry on
headed notepaper, asking for a home consultation and fitting, and
enclosed a cheque to cover my expenses. His address was inland, but
still quite close to our town, so I telephoned him, to make an
appointment to call, and he sounded to be a perfectly normal man over
the phone. I took the van; followed his directions; and eventually
arrived at an isolated house in the country, standing in extensive and
well tended grounds. A middle aged man opened the door. He was wearing
a black dressing gown or cloak, with a high stiff collar at the back.
He was tall; dark haired, and facially resembled the popular image of
Sherlock Holmes.
He asked me if I would follow him, and he lead the way down a long,
dark corridor; his footsteps echoing loudly on the stone flooring. I
looked for the cause of the noise, and noticed that he was wearing high
heeled boots, with sharp spurs attached to the heels. It was then that
I realised that this could be a troublesome visit if I was not careful,
and my misgivings were in no way allayed when we entered what he called
his 'Study;' a large room, containing a surprising assortment of
unpleasant items.
He had an extensive collection of whips, canes, and cats-o-nine-tails,
all mounted high up around the walls, in an artistic display. A
reproduction of a large wooden grating, similar to those I had seen
being used for the flogging scenes in old time navy films, was mounted
upright at one end of the room, with sawdust spread upon the floor
beneath it. Standing in the centre of the room was a wooden pillory,
with holes to secure the hands and head of a malefactor, and it had a
large modern padlock to fasten the apparatus in a closed position.
There were two glass fronted display cabinets standing against the
wall. The larger one contained a number of strange leather helmets that
had only eyeholes at the front, and laced at the back, and appeared to
have been designed to totally enclose the head, and prevent any
movement of the mouth or chin. Two complete black leather suits with
full length lacing on both arms and legs were also displayed.
The smaller cabinet housed some leather collars in various heights,
with matching armlets and wrist bracelets. All these items were
liberally studded with vicious metal spikes. There were also a number
of what appeared to be plastic balls of about two or three inches in
diameter, which were pierced with numerous small and circular holes.
They were mounted on narrow tapes or straps which had buckles at one
end.
I had no idea what "games" they were meant to be used for.
A reproduction of the old fashioned "Stocks" had been placed near the
pillory. It was principally constructed from two pieces of thick and
heavy wood, which slid into upright posts at either end of the wood,
and into which were carved two holes to take and secure the legs of a
criminal who would then be made to sit on a small, uncomfortable and
rough wooden bench.
The two pieces of wood could be separated, and then fastened together,
The two halves of the stocks were also fastened together with a modern
padlock.
There were a number of iron rings securely attached to the floor in
various different locations around the study, which had a curious array
of chains, fetters and handcuffs attached to them,
The only other items of furniture in the room were an assortment of
strangely shaped benches and stools. These had been placed at random
around the room, leaving me at a loss to imagine what their purpose
might be.
The man stood in the centre of the room near the pillory; drawing back
his dressing gown, and revealing himself for my fascinated inspection.
He showed no sign of embarrassment, but was smiling in an odd sort of
way. He was wearing one of the high spiked collars around his neck. A
tight fitting one piece black leather corset enclosed him from shoulder
to crutch, and he wore laced up and high heeled leather boots similar
to mine, although his were thigh length; close fitting, and had sharp
spurs attached to the heels. He completed his ensemble with full length
laced up black leather gloves on his arms, and extended epaulettes on
his shoulders. I was very interested in his unique ensemble, but I have
to confess that I was somewhat repelled by his assortment of
flagellationist paraphernalia.
He showed me a photograph of a tightly corseted woman, who was dressed
in an outfit that was much the same as his own, and explained that she
was his German lady friend. I noticed that she had a really tiny waist,
and I commented upon it with considerable interest. He confirmed that
it was believed to be one of the smallest waists in Europe, and told me
that he had consulted me because he also wanted to reduce his waist,
and possibly set a new masculine record! He gave me details of the
stiff, and well boned, leather corset he wanted me to make for him.
I was sympathetic to his needs, and wished him every success in his
efforts, but I had to tell him that, unfortunately, we were not
equipped for working with leather. I offered to pass his request and
details on to another manufacturer who I knew specialised in this type
of leatherwork, and who had proved to be quite generous when I had
provided him with similar commissions, in the past, and I took a
conventional series of fully detailed measurements from the customer
while I was there, rather than waste my time and his money.
All the arrangements were carried through with my customary degree of
efficiency. I never went back to the house, but I subsequently learnt
from the leather manufacturer that my service and his had been
satisfactory to the customer. I told Dorothy about the clothes the man
was wearing, but gave no details about the other things I had seen in
the room, for fear of upsetting her.
6) THE "PIPE-STEM" WAIST
I have already written about some of the abuses and criticisms to which
corsetry has been subjected, over many years. The objections mainly
come from those who I like to call the 'Uninitiated;' the people who
have never had any practical experience of the many and varied
pleasures of wearing any form of corset, and whose opinions are usually
based upon what is little more than oft-repeated hearsay.
Samuel Orchard Beeton, the husband of Mrs. Beeton of cookery book fame,
could possibly be cited as a case in point, although, in fairness to
him, perhaps he was only using the corset for his own commercial gain.
He published many Victorian magazines and periodicals, and was well
known for his numerous correspondence columns, in which he invited his
readers to submit their points of view on different matters.
The subject of corsets and tight lacing was raised in the early 1870's,
in one of his periodicals entitled 'The Englishwoman's Domestic
Magazine.' Some similar letters also appeared in other magazines. It
has been suggested that the subject was first raised by Beeton himself,
as a clever way of boosting the circulation of the magazine, but I am
unable to confirm this. Much space in the colums and pages was devoted
to various aspects of corsetry, and the opinions of readers were
constantly being invited.
Replies were soon received from female correspondents who had obviously
enjoyed corset wearing, and who could speak from a wealth of personal
experience. These were then promptly countered by other female readers,
who claimed to have suffered varying degrees of pain and abuse as a
result of being made to wear an ill-fitting corset. There was a new and
interesting twist when a male correspondent ventured to submit some of
the details of his own experience of wearing a tight corset from
personal choice. He was promptly joined by other men, who also offered
some interesting opinions, including some more examples of enforced
corset wearing.
I suppose it was inevitable that the imagination of some readers was
allowed to run riot, and some quite outlandish claims were made,
particularly by certain readers who claimed to have been physically
punished by being forced to wear a tightly laced corset. I have to
agree that this is known to have been done, but the imagination of the
subscribers to the magazines far outstripped the details that were
passed to me by some of my own customers, whose stories I know to be
true.
This corset correspondence was resurrected in a rather similar style in
other magazines of the 1930's, and once again the more imaginative
readers were allowed to have their say. Some of their suggestions were
patently impractical, and it is a wonder that they were permitted to
pass Editorial scrutiny. I tend to dismiss many of them out of hand, as
the figments of overheated imaginations.
One rather dubious innovation was the so-called 'Pipe-Stem Waist.' The
narrowing and shaping of the waist in Victorian times had become a
classical art, as well as being a well established and acceptable
fashion. Names such as 'Wasp-waist,' and 'Hour Glass' were common
parlance.
Some of the more imaginative of the modern magazine's contributors
tried to claim that it was possible to completely re-shape the waist by
stretching the spinal column to such an extent as to form a waist of
extended height; with parallel sides, rather like a cylinder, or tube!
Frankly I have to say that I find this suggestion rather hard to
accept. Perhaps the writers of the articles could have been influenced
by the previously mentioned 'Giraffe necks.' I know from personal
experience that it is possible to stretch the neck, but I have grave
doubts about the possibility of a similar degree of waist stretching,
however desirable it might seem to be.
It must be obvious to most sensible people that to try and lengthen the
spine in this way would require a considerable degree of enforced
traction. A rigid and tubular corset, designed to achieve this effect,
by applying strong pressure at each of its ends would of necessity have
to be very stiffly and rigidly boned, and would soon become extremely
painful to wear. It would exert a great deal of upward pressure on the
lower ribs and ribcage, and a corresponding downward pressure on the
bony pelvic girdle. The compressed flesh that was trapped between skin
and bone, would soon become painful to an unbearable degree.
I have mentioned elsewhere a case where extreme traction had been
applied to the body of one of my male customers. It certainly had the
effect of extending his body beyond all reasonable limits, but by no
stretch of the imagination could he have been said to have the remotest
suggestion of a straight or parallel sided pipe-stem waist. I would
venture to suggest that a corset of the type described in the
correspondence columns could only have been worn for a very short time
- if at all!
Perhaps one of my more knowledgeable readers (preferably possessed of
some practical experience, and genuine pictorial evidence!) would care
to disabuse me!
There comes a time when truth is indeed stranger than fiction. The
imagination of the readers was allowed free rein, and I fear that some
of them may have reached a stage where they honestly believed the truth
of their written fantasies. A few rather outlandish drawings
accompanied some of the letters, but it is perhaps worth mentioning
that, although photography was by this time well established, to my
personal knowledge no photographs of pipe-stem waists or corsets were
ever published.
I know from my own experience that many of our customers had requested
photographs of themselves, once they had proudly donned one of my
creations, but I can only say that in the whole of my working life I
never saw a customer who either had, or who wanted to achieve one of
these pipe-stem waists.
*****
Chapter Eighteen
Customer Services
A considerable amount of nonsense has been written about Corsets and
Tight Lacing over many years by authors who have no practical knowledge
or personal experience of their subject.
Most of these writers will try and titillate their readers by relying
upon the constant repetition of popular words and phrases such as "I
felt as if it was cutting me in half," or "She laced me in until I was
unable to breathe," or by introducing unnecessary elements of coercion
and corporal punishment into the story, thereby implying that this is
an essential part of the natural process of wearing any form of corset,
which of course is quite untrue, as this book will attempt to prove.
Any mention of a small waist measurement in typical works of corset
fiction seems to suggest that the reduction has been a considerable,
immediate, effortless and permanent achievement. The chest, bust or hip
measurements are seldom mentioned in relation to the waist size, and
the original and natural waist measurement often remains something of a
mystery. Yes, an "eighteen inch waist" is an eighteen inch waist, and
it can be achieved. This is a well documented fact. But the question
has to be asked, What did the natural waist, hips and chest or bust
measure before the corset was "Laced fully closed?"
Ridiculous statements are often made, claiming impossible waist
reductions just by "Hooking up the front and pulling on the tighteners
until the corset was fully closed up." This makes me want to reject the
story out of hand, because it quite obvious that the author has
absolutely no personal experience of the many pleasures and delights of
wearing a well boned, well fitted and tightly laced corset, and does
not know what he or she is talking about. It is a "Dead Give-away," and
the whole story can be dismissed as no more than a work of puerile
fantasy.
To emphasise my point, let me just say that a naturally slim or thin
person might have much less difficulty in achieving quite a small waist
measurement, as compared to someone with a larger and perhaps more
natural build, who would have to work very hard over a possibly
extended period of time, utilising a series of progressively smaller
waisted corsets to achieve a similar degree of reduction.
Dorothy and I wore our corsets on a daily basis. And yet, we were not
"Tight lacers," in the generally accepted sense of the words. We had
both become slowly and carefully accustomed to our new and well defined
dimensions, and could remain in a comfortable state from early in the
morning, throughout the whole of our working day, at our leisure in the
evenings, and until late at night. We removed our corsets before going
to bed, and put them on again first thing in the morning, without
either of us giving it a second thought. It had become just a natural
part of our daily process of dressing and undressing. Nothing more than
that.
I have always enjoyed being tightly laced, and when Dorothy had
commenced my figure training after my first mistake, she had placed
great emphasis upon the folly of 'Overdoing it.' I had wanted much more
from the very first moment that she laced me in, but she had been firm
in her denial. With her continued help and guidance over the years, I
did manage to progressively reduce myself; eventually remaining at a
steady twenty three inches for several years. I could, lace myself
smaller on our special occasions, and was always reluctant to sacrifice
any of my hard won inches, but I found it necessary to enlarge my waist
as I became older. Of course, after my accident it was different
altogether; but more of that later.
Dorothy's waist had measured twenty one inches when I first met her,
and we had fully closed her mother's sixteen inch corset on our
honeymoon, although we were unable to confirm the measurement at the
time because we did not have a tape measure. I managed to span her
waist with ease, which was all I wanted to do. We had a most
unfortunate mishap when we tried to repeat the experience.
Some time after the honeymoon, I mentioned how much I had enjoyed that
first occasion, and Dorothy offered to repeat it for me. Of course, I
was only too eager; but just as I was finally closing the laces the
brittle whalebones began to disintegrate and several snapped at one
side of the waist. The sharp ends penetrated the lining of the corset;
digging painfully into Dorothy's flesh, and causing her to scream at me
to take it off. I picked up a pair of scissors, and quickly cut the
laces, fortunately before she suffered any lasting harm, but the old
corset was damaged beyond repair, and Gerald had no replacement
whalebone, so we were unable to measure her waist with it on.
She knew how much I had enjoyed spanning her tiny waist, and she also
told me a little more about the delightful sensations she had
experienced as my hands had completely encircled and gently squeezed
her. She had been determined not to cry out while I was lacing her, in
spite of the increasing cruel pressure and the terrible pain. She had
an inner sense of triumph as I was spanning her waist and expressing my
delight, and she said that when my hands surrounded and caressed her it
seemed to instantly soothe all her pain away. She said it was "As
though I had Healing Hands." From that moment she had only been aware
of the deepest personal pleasure; which had considerably increased in
depth as the evening progressed!
Without saying anything to me, she asked Gerald to make her another
special corset in my favourite butterfly blue satin, but with a sixteen
inch waist measurement. She put it on one Sunday morning, and asked me
to lace her up. At first I thought it was her original blue one, and
then I realised what she had done and just what she was doing for me.
We did not manage to fully close it, because she began to suffer too
much cruel pressure on her lower ribs, and it would obviously have been
too dangerous for her to continue. I was just able to span her waist
with my fingers and thumbs, but that was all.
I came to the reluctant conclusion that Gerald must have made some
slight miscalculation with his measurements; or it could have been that
the metal boning lacked the flexibility of whalebone. Dorothy did
eventually maintain her waist at eighteen inches for about ten years,
but, like me, she had to relax a little, as she became older.
TALKS AND LECTURES.
Dorothy joined a local ladies social circle as a form of evening
relaxation, and to give her a break from routine. She enjoyed the
company, and the group were always looking for speakers or people who
could give them lectures; slide shows, or similar forms of
entertainment. She asked me if I would like to give them 'A little
talk' one evening, and after some reflection I agreed. I thought it
could be a good public relations exercise, and might bring in more
business.
My personal collection of books and photographs had grown considerably
over the years, and was now taking up a lot of space in what had
originally been Dorothy's bedroom.
I did a little basic research, and made some notes. Oddly enough, I
found all my notes again only recently, and discovered that I had
called my first talk "The Evolution and Development of the Corset, from
the Minoans of Crete to the Present Day." It was an unnecessarily long
title, and I fear that I may have spoken for much longer than the other
speakers; but as I recall it my talk was well received. Dorothy later
told me that several of the women who had been present had called at
the shop and made purchases. Some had said how much they had enjoyed
the talk, and one or two had been very surprised that a man should know
so much about the subject, but apparently no-one had openly objected.
I repeated my talk by popular request on several occasions, over the
next few years; shortened the title to "Corsets Through the Ages," and
illustrated it with some slides and photographs. I eventually travelled
to several different towns to give the talk, and seemed to be well
received. Dorothy often accompanied me, and handed out her business
cards, which helped to put our little shop on the map.
MUSEUM AND ARCHIVE.
I had often considered forming my own specialised library, or possibly
even having a small museum of corsetry. I had been impressed by
Gerald's collection on the occasion of our first visit to his factory,
and thought it would be a good idea if I could have something of a
similar nature. I had initially been prevented from developing this
objective by the simple combination of 'Too much expense, and too
little time.' The years went by; money became more plentiful, and I had
a roof built over the back yard, to provide us with a garage for the
van, and more space for expanding the mail order department. We also
had a room built above the new garage, which was meant to be a bedroom
or nursery when our family came along. We tried hard for several years,
but never did manage to have any children, so eventually this room
became my museum.
I started in a small way by having part of the room shelved, allowing
me to put my books in some sort of order, and later obtained a drawer
unit from a firm of office suppliers, giving me safe storage for my
extensive collection of photographs. I made numerous visits to antique
shops, second hand book shops, and general dealers. Dorothy preferred
to visit jumble sales, and by our combined efforts we managed to find
many interesting items of corsetry; washing, renovating, and using them
as dating features. If any garment was of considerable importance but
was in a disreputable condition, we would send it to Gerald, and he
would have a copy made.
A fellow enthusiast died, and bequeathed to me his unique and extensive
collection of corset catalogues. He had researched widely; collecting a
large number of interesting brochures, catalogues, leaflets and
booklets from all over the world. I spent a long time listing;
cataloguing, and making a card index of the papers, for ease of
reference.
The generosity of this gentleman enabled me to fill in several missing
pieces relative to the history of corsetry, and I decided that, when I
had time, I would sit down and compile a comprehensive corset
encyclopaedia. A profusely illustrated, in depth study, possibly
running to several volumes. A book that might be generally recognised
and universally accepted as the definitive work on the subject. It
would be pleasant to leave my name on something I could be proud of,
and I had all the necessary data and pictures. All that I needed was
time!
I was delighted to find among the collection of catalogues all the
missing details of My Great Aunt's 'Elfrida' corset, of so many years
ago, and of which I still retained the fondest memories. The text
read:- "By popular request, we are once again including this model. It
has found high favour with our more mature customers, and we have
received many testimonials, all loud in praise of its firm support and
day-long comfort." The catalogue was dated 1911, so that made my old
'Elfrida' a genuine late Edwardian original.
Of all the items in this valuable collection, the most interesting to
my mind was a copy of a catalogue of several of the garments that were
modelled by Dorothy's mother. It had withstood time and usage very
well, and was in quite good condition, having been printed on glossy
paper, and using photographs that had been cleverly and artistically
enhanced, to improve the silhouettes of the models.
The modelling had been shared between Dorothy's mother, and another
lady, and a considerable amount of space had been wasted in each
photograph by the inclusion of large fern or aspidistra plants, in
ornamental pots on ornate wrought iron stands. The legs of the two
models were hidden under artistically draped voluminous petticoats, of
a late Victorian or early Edwardian style. The two ladies had superb
figures, and elaborate hairstyles. The front cover bore a large photo
of Dorothy's mother wearing a severely tailored, straight-fronted
Edwardian corset, and leaning gracefully, in a classical pose against a
Grecian pillar of the Doric period. The contrast of her sweeping curves
against the straight lines of the pillar was most striking and
impressive.
I could see Dorothy's strong likeness to her mother, because they each
had the same way of looking at you, with a frank and open direct gaze.
Mother held herself stiffer, and was rather more erect than Dorothy.
Her carriage and deportment was similar to that of Matron, and no doubt
the well boned corsets were a contributory factor! I made no mention of
my discovery, but had several copies made and gave the original one to
Dorothy on her birthday. She was deeply and visibly moved, and
carefully stored it away along with her other personal treasures.
SKIN CARE, AND HEALTH.
I can recall one occasion when Dorothy's health gave me cause for
concern. She began to complain about pains in her back at night, and
again on rising in the morning, although it went away as soon as she
put her corset on. She tried to ignore it, but it persisted, and I had
to help her by applying massage at night. The condition did not improve
so I eventually took her to see the lady Doctor. She examined Dorothy,
and decided that her condition arose from wastage of the muscles. She
had worn a corset all her adult life; the corset