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Corvino's Defense Of Homosexuality free porn video
Corvino's Defense of Homosexuality
By Cal Y. Pygia
Note: While it is true that not all transvestites are gay, many profess
to be. In any case, this essay is likely to be of interest to many,
regardless of their sexual orientation, and to members of the wider gay,
lesbian, bisexual, and transgender community, many of whom have gay,
lesbian, bisexual, and/or transgender friends themselves.
In his essay, "Why Shouldn't Tommy and Jim Have Sex?," which appears in
Contemporary Moral Problems, edited by James E. White, John Corvino, an
assistant professor of philosophy at Wayne State University in Detroit,
Michigan, offers "A Defense of Homosexuality."
According to Corvino, these are the typical arguments against
homosexuality:
* It is unnatural.
* Homosexual sex is harmful.
* Homosexuality violates Biblical teaching.
Homosexuality as unnatural
The first argument against homosexuality takes four forms:
* Homosexuality is statistically abnormal.
* Animals do not engage in homosexual behavior.
* Homosexuality frustrates the chief purpose of the genitals.
* Homosexuality is disgusting.
Homosexuality is statistically abnormal
Against the contention that homosexuality is unnatural, Corvino argues
that many other things, including clothing, houses, medicine, and
government, are unnatural as well and that, moreover, many things that
people hate, such as disease, suffering, and death, are natural. Were it
to be argued that any activity that differs from a statistical norm is
unnatural, Corvino quotes a group of Christian and Jewish scholars: "The
statistical frequency of an act does not determine its moral status." In
other words, although homosexuality may be unnatural in the sense that
it is statistically abnormal, it need not therefore be considered
immoral.
Animals do not engage in homosexual behavior
Corvino also points out that, in fact, animals sometimes do engage in
homosexual behavior, but points out that the documented existence of
"gay" sheep and "lesbian" seagulls, among other animals that engage in
such behavior, is irrelevant to human behavior, since animals also do
not cook food, brush their teeth, worship, or attend college, none of
which activities
Is considered immoral. "The idea that animals could provide us with our
standards--especially our sexual standards--is amusing," he contends.
There is a biological basis for homosexuality
Likewise, arguments that claim that homosexuality is an innate condition
based on genetic causes and that "one is born that way" is, like the
opposite argument, that people choice to be gay, is irrelevant, since
each of these views "assume a connection between the origin of
homosexual orientation, on the one hand, and the moral value of
homosexual activity, on the other" which is irrelevant to the question
as to whether homosexuality is moral. Against the idea that
homosexuality is unnatural because it frustrates the chief purpose of
the organs of procreation, Corvino argues that sex organs may be
considered to have more than one use: "Just because people can and do
use their sexual organs to procreate, it does not follow that they
should not use them for other purposes" such as "giving and receiving
pleasure." Sometimes, Corvino says, when people say that homosexuality
is unnatural, they mean only that homosexuality is disgusting. It may be
for some, he agrees, but he adds, "plenty of morally neutral activities.
. . Disgust people," including "handling snakes, eating snails,
performing autopsies, cleaning toilets" and that, "at best," to say that
homosexuality is unnatural (i. e., disgusting) "expresses an aesthetic
judgment, not a moral judgment."
Homosexuality as harmful
This argument against homosexuality also takes four forms:
* Homosexuality harms families.
* Homosexuality harms individuals' psychological and physical health.
* Homosexual displays encourage children to become homosexual.
* Homosexuality harms society.
Homosexual harms families
People argue that homosexuality is harmful to families, to individuals'
health, and to society. It is said to erode family, but homosexuals
contend that they have happy, successful family lives, sometimes
adopting children or--in the case of lesbians--having their own children
through artificial insemination.
Homosexuality harms individual's psychological and physical health
It may be argued, Corvino says, that the psychological problems that
homosexuals are supposed to suffer result from the way that society
treats them, contending that anyone who was "told from a very early age
that the romantic feelings. . . experienced were sick, unnatural, and
disgusting" and being ostracized or physically assaulted for expressing
such feelings could explain depression and self-destructive behavior
(as, indeed, could the lack of family support services explain the
breakup of homosexual couples). AIDS has nothing to do with
homosexuality per se, Corvino argues, since "it's not homosexuality
that's harmful" but the virus, which "may be carried by both
heterosexual and homosexual people." Many more heterosexual men (and,
increasingly women) molest children than do homosexuals, but the
labeling of male pedophiles as "homosexuals" rather than as "pedophiles"
may distort this reality.
Homosexual displays encourage children to become homosexual.
Corvino suggests that the idea that increased public displays of
homosexual behavior may cause children to become homosexual involves the
fallacy of circular reasoning: "One cannot say that doing X is bad by
arguing that it cause other people to do X. One must first establish
independently that X is bad," and no one has been able to establish that
homosexuality is bad.
Homosexuality harms society
It has been claimed that homosexuality harms society because, if
everyone were homosexual, there would be no population. However, not all
who practice homosexual behavior are strictly homosexual; many are
bisexual. Among lesbians, as noted earlier, some women can conceive
through artificial insemination. In addition, many people are
exclusively heterosexual. In fact, some people who are heterosexual are
also celibate, many Catholic priests included. Are celibate priests also
harmful to society? Are infertile heterosexual women or impotent or
infertile heterosexual men? As Corvino notes, "From the fact that the
continuation of society requires procreation, it does not follow that
everyone must procreate" and even if the false claim that "if everyone
were homosexual, there would be no society" were true, "it would not
establish that homosexuality is immoral."
Homosexuality violates Biblical teaching.
Against the notion that homosexuality violates Biblical teaching,
Corvino argues that "substantial changes in cultural context have
altered the meaning and the consequences--and thus the moral value--of"
the practice" of homosexuality, since such practices are no longer
"integral to pagan practices" of the day and no longer involve "older
men and younger boys," as they did in Old Testament times. In addition,
in the United States, where freedom of religion id valued, religious
sanctions or prohibitions against homosexuality are not sufficient for
:moral or legal sanctions."
"A Reply to Corvino"
In the same volume, Corvino's defense of homosexuality is followed by "A
Reply to Corvino" by David Bradshaw, an assistant professor of
philosophy at the University of Kentucky. According to White, Bradshaw
contends that "Corvino is confused because he fails to distinguish
between three levels of opposition to homosexuality. There is opposition
to the gay rights movement, opposition to the homosexual lifestyle, and
opposition to homosexual practice. Bradshaw is mainly concerned with the
third sort of opposition." In his response to Corvino, Bradshaw, White
says, "is mainly concerned with the third sort of opposition," arguing
that "homosexual practice is morally wrong because it is prohibited in
the Bible and because it violates the body's moral space."
Myra
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